Artificial Intelligence is a science and engineering concerned with the computational understanding of intelligent behavior and smart machines’ creation.

Artificial Intelligence encompasses a heterogeneous set of tools, techniques, and algorithms, including neural, genetic, symbolic, and in-depth studies. They show exponential growth. And they have a significant impact on various areas such as health, space, robotics, and the military.

Artificial Intelligence will add to future technologies a renewed level of efficiency and sophistication with the increasing amount of data, all-around connectivity, performance computing, and various algorithms available.

One of Artificial Intelligence’s primary purposes is creating fully autonomous intelligent agents, interacting with their environments, and finding optimal behaviors. It’s been a long-term challenge, from robots to software purely to agents who interact with natural language and multimedia that can feel and respond to the world around them. Airline, aircraft, medicine, online advertising, imaging, and personal assistance technologies are currently being used for AI.

Artificial Intelligence’s recent success captured both the scientific and public imagination. For example, autonomous cars can make wise decisions in variable, real-world road conditions when maneuvers. Another example is the Google Deep Mind board game, AlphaGo, and AlphaZero, which became the first machine to beat a pro. These developments led to great excitement and fear that AI can overcome people in most areas.

The Birth and Evolution Of AI

Alan Turing’s question “CAN MACHINE THINK?” is supposed to make the start of artificial intelligence. The 1950 Turing test is an assessment of a machine’s ability to show intelligent behavior equivalent or unmistakable to a human person’s action.

The test sets some requirements to build a genuinely smart device that calls for the full analysis of knowledge, natural language, machine learning, automated reasoning, vision, and robotics. From then on, John McCarthy introduced the term AI and was closely associated with ‘symbolic AI’ until the 1980s. The new ‘smart’ concept in the 1990s

Agent” has emerged. An agent is a system that sees and carries out actions that maximize the chances of success. Subsymbolic methodologies such as neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing, and other computational models have gained popularity to overcome certain symbolic Artificial Intelligence limitations.

Artificial Intelligence employs various approaches and methods. The top-down and bottom-up methods are two main methodologies or beliefs. Top-down theories believe in imitating the human brain’s behavior using computer programs. In contrast, bottom-up theorists believe that electronic replicas are the best way to achieve Artificial Intelligence, similar to the human brain’s complex neuron network.

The term Artificial Intelligence recently includes the whole conception of a machine, both operational and socially intelligent.

Applications And Future Technology

AI is omnipresent and not only in computer science but also in covering other areas such as health, safety, education, music, art, and business. Many AIs are deeply integrated into every industry’s infrastructure. In a few years, AI is expected to touch almost every industry, and AI can transform industries in numerous ways.

The use of AI currently includes medical diagnosis, electronic trading platforms, robot control, and remote sensing. It was used to develop and promote numerous fields and sectors such as finance, healthcare, education, transport, and robotics.

AI researchers have developed a wide range of instruments to solve the most difficult computer and other problems. The current AI performances range from subhuman to optimal to superhuman. AI applications can also solve many tasks in The Game of Go, Chess, Dota 2, and StarCraft II, including facial acknowledgment, speech recognition, object recognition, image rating, and overcoming human-level intelligence.

Another focus in AI technologies is the promotion of federate learning and privacy learning between healthcare and privacy. AI used medical diagnosis, computer-aided interpretation of medical images, and accompanying robots as clinical decision support systems. Computer-generated music can even produce music for stress and pain relief in a medical environment.

In addition, the Google Brain team is working on initiatives like Google Magenta to find out whether AI can make compelling art and music. The use of AI to create other AIs is another active field of AI research. This research covers the Auto ML project of Google to develop a new topology of a neural network. With new architectures and topologies which exceed the performance of all ImageNet performance. This also applies to the

Face2Face, a program of animation to the face of the target person. The transposition of the facial expressions of external sources was developed by present research in the Generative Adversarial Networks and Technical University of Munich and Stanford. Since then, other methods based on deep neural networks have been demonstrated. It is including quantitative machine learning research, hierarchical strengthening training, deep Bayesian learning, affective and human-centered IA, neuroscience, self-driving car, and conversational agents.

Opportunities and Limitations

Due to the exponential rise in AI interest, major studies have begun on the impact of AI on society, not only in technology, law, and ethics; it also includes the speculation that autonomous super AI can overcome people’s cognitive capabilities at some point.

The future scenario is known as the “AI SINGULARITY,” which defines machines’ ability to build better engines independently. Current AI researchers focus more on systems that perform well in a limited range of applications. This focus conflicts with the idea of the pursuit of artificial general intelligence (AGI). This could imitate all of the human intelligence’s different cognitive capacities such as emotional and self-consciousness.

Further social concerns are raised in today’s AI development and our hegemony’s status as the smartest species worldwide. AI technologies, however, remain limited to very particular applications. The lack of “common sense” to assess information beyond the knowledge acquired is one of AI’s limits. In emotional intelligence, AI is also limited.

AI can detect only basic emotional conditions, such as anger, joy, sadness, stress, pain, fear, and neutrality. Emotional intelligence is one of the nearest borders to higher personalization levels. Computer science principles that drive AI are rapidly moving forward. It is important to assess their impact from a social, ethical, and legal point of view.

 

References

  1. Arti?cal Intelligence and Machine Learning Arti?cial ….